How to tell if a dragon fruit is ripe

The clearest sign of a ripe dragon fruit is that its skin has turned a deep red or yellow color.

Too far gone: A too-far-gone fruit shows softening, flesh translucency, darkening of the scales, and browning of the outer flesh.
These signs are only probabilistic, and the clearest test is cutting it open, which a shopper cannot do.
Grounded in: postharvest.ucdavis.edu. Every sign follows sentences verified verbatim on those pages.
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